A globe is a three-dimensional scale model of Earth (terrestrial globe) or other spheroid celestial body such as a planet, star, or moon. It may also refer to a spherical representation of the celestial sphere, showing the apparent positions of the stars and constellations in the sky (celestial globe). The word "globe" comes from the Latin word ''globus'', meaning round mass or sphere.

Terrestrial and planetary

A globe is the only representation of the earth that does not distort either the shape or the size of large features; flat maps are created using a map projection that inevitably introduces an increasing amount of distortion the larger the area that the map shows. A typical scale for a terrestrial globe is roughly 1:40 million.

Sometimes a globe has surface texture showing topography; in these, elevations are exaggerated, otherwise they would be hardly visible. Most modern globes are also imprinted with parallels and meridians so that one can tell the approximate coordinates of a specific place. Globes provide the best view of Earth today.

Celestial

Celestial globes show the apparent positions of the stars in the sky. They omit the Sun, Moon and planets because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars, but the ecliptic, along which the Sun moves, is indicated.

A potential issue arises regarding the "handedness" of celestial globes. If the globe is constructed so that the stars are in the positions they actually occupy on the imaginary celestial sphere, then the star field will appear back-to-front on the surface of the globe (all the constellations will appear as their mirror images). This is because the view from Earth, positioned at the centre of the celestial sphere, is of the ''inside'' of the celestial sphere, whereas the celestial globe is viewed from the ''outside''. For this reason, celestial globes may be produced in mirror image, so that at least the constellations appear the "right way round". Some modern celestial globes address this problem by making the surface of the globe transparent. The stars can then be placed in their proper positions and viewed ''through'' the globe, so that the view is of the inside of the celestial sphere, as it is from Earth.

History

The sphericity of the Earth was established by Hellenistic astronomy in the 3rd century BC, and the earliest terrestrial globe appeared from that period. The earliest known example is the one constructed by Crates of Mallus in Cilicia (now Çukurova in modern-day Turkey), in the mid-2nd century BC.

No terrestrial globes from Antiquity or the Middle Ages have survived. An example of a surviving celestial globe is part of a Hellenistic sculpture, called the Farnese Atlas, surviving in a 2nd century AD Roman copy in the Naples Museum, Italy.

Early terrestrial globes depicting the entirety of the Old World were constructed in the Islamic Golden Age. One such example was constructed in the 9th century by Muslim geographers and cartographers working under the Abbasid caliph, Al-Ma'mun. Another example was the terrestrial globe introduced to Beijing by the Persian astronomer, Jamal ad-Din, in 1267.

The oldest surviving terrestrial globe is credited to Martin Behaim in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1492. A facsimile globe showing America was made by Martin Waldseemueller in 1507. Another early globe, the Hunt-Lenox Globe, ca. 1507, is thought to be the source of the phrase "Here be dragons". Another "remarkably modern-looking" terrestrial globe of the Earth was constructed by Taqi al-Din at the Istanbul observatory of Taqi al-Din during the 1570s.

An unusually high proportion of vintage 20th century world globes feature the Australian town of Birdum, which no longer exists but once held an important position at the end of the Northern Australian Railway.

Manufacture

Mass-produced globes are typically covered by a printed paper map. The most common type has long, thin gores (strips) of paper that narrow to a point at the North Pole and the South Pole. Then a small disk is used to paper over the inevitable irregularities at the poles. The more gores there are, the less stretching and crumpling is required to make the paper map fit the sphere. From a geometric point of view, all points on a sphere are equivalent – one could select any arbitrary point on the Earth, and create a paper map that covers the Earth with strips that come together at that point and the antipodal point.

A globe is usually mounted at a 23.5° angle on bearings. In addition to making it easy to use this mounting also represents the angle of the planet in relation to its sun and the spin of the planet. This makes it easy to visualize how days and seasons change.

Notable examples

The Unisphere in Queens, New York, at 120 feet (36.6 m) in diameter, is the world's largest global structure.

Eartha, currently the world's largest rotating globe ( in diameter), at the Delorme headquarters in Yarmouth, Maine The Mapparium, three-story, stained glass globe at the Mary Baker Eddy Library in Boston, which visitors walk through via a glass bridge. The Babson globe in Wellesley, Massachusetts, a globe which originally rotated on its axis and on its base to simulate day and night and the seasons

The giant globe in the lobby of The News Building in New York City.

The Hitler Globe, also known as the Führer globe, was formally named the Columbus Globe for State and Industry Leaders. Two editions existed during Hitler's lifetime, created during the mid-1930s on his orders. (The second edition changed the name of Abyssinia to Italian East Africa). These globes were "enormous" and very costly. According to the New York Times, "the real Columbus globe was nearly the size of a Volkswagen and, at the time, more expensive." Several still exist, including three in Berlin: one at a geographical institute, one at the Märkisches Museum, and another at the Deutsches Historisches Museum. The latter has a Soviet bullet hole through Germany. One of the two in public collections in Munich has an American bullet hole through Germany. There are several in private hands inside and out of Germany. A much smaller version of Hitler's globe was mocked by Charlie Chaplin in ''The Great Dictator'', a film released in 1940.

Gallery

See also

Armillary sphere

Cartography

Dymaxion map

Emery Molyneux

Google Earth

NASA World Wind

Johannes Schöner globe

Virtual globe

References

External links

ppmglobe - generate strips to glue onto a sphere

3D VRML globe

3D Java Globe with coastlines, parallels, meridians, etc.

Category:Map types

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name	Mickey Hart
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Michael Steven Hartman
birth date	September 11, 1943
origin	Brooklyn, NY, United States
instrument	Percussion
genre	Rock
occupation	Musician
years active	1960s–present
associated acts	Grateful Dead (1967–71, 1974–95)The Other Ones (1998–2002)The Dead (2003–09)Rhythm Devils (2006, 2010)
website	www.mickeyhart.net }}

Mickey Hart (born Michael Steven Hartman; September 11, 1943) is an American percussionist and musicologist. He is best known as one of the two drummers of the rock band the Grateful Dead. He was a member of the Grateful Dead from September 1967 to February 1971, and from October 1974 to August 1995. He and fellow Dead drummer Bill Kreutzmann earned the nickname "the rhythm devils".

Career

Before joining the Grateful Dead, Hart and his father, Leonard Hart, a champion rudimental drummer, owned and operated Hart Music, selling drums and musical instruments in San Carlos, California.

Hart joined the Grateful Dead in September 1967, and left in February 1971. During his sabbatical, in 1972, he recorded the album ''Rolling Thunder''. He returned to the Dead in 1974, and remained with the group until their official dissolution in 1995. Collaboration with the remaining members of the Grateful Dead continues, under the band name The Dead.

Alongside his work with the Grateful Dead, Mickey Hart has flourished as a solo artist, percussionist, and the author of several books. In these endeavors he has pursued a lifelong interest in ethnomusicology and in world music. His travels and his interest in all things percussion-related led him to collect percussion instruments, and to collaborate with percussion masters the world over.

Hart became interested in percussion as a grade-school student. A few months out of high school he "discovered the work of Nigerian drummer Babatunde Olatunji". Olatunji later taught Hart and collaborated with Hart and the Grateful Dead on a regular basis.

Hart was influential in recording global musical traditions on the verge of possible extinction, working with archivists and ethnomusicologists at both the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress, and the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage at the Smithsonian Institution. He is on the Board of Trustees of the American Folklife Center and has been a spokesperson for the Save Our Sounds audio preservation initiative. He also serves on the Library of Congress National Recorded Sound Preservation Board and is known for reissues and other recordings with historical and cultural value.

In 1991, Hart produced the album ''Planet Drum'', which remained at #1 on the ''Billboard'' World Music Chart for 26 weeks, and received the first ever Grammy Award for Best World Music Album.

Hart has written books on the history and traditions of drumming throughout history. His solo recordings (featuring a variety of guest musicians) are percussive of course, but also verge on New Age music categorically. His enthusiasm for world music traditions and preservation and collaborative efforts is comparable to that of guitarist Ry Cooder.

In 2000, Hart became a member of the Board of Directors of the Institute for Music and Neurologic Function, a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to seek to establish new knowledge and develop more effective therapies which awaken, stimulate and heal through the extraordinary power of music – continuing his investigation into the connection between healing and rhythm, and the neural basis of rhythm. In 2003, he was honored with the organization’s Music Has Power Award, recognizing his advocacy and continuous commitment to raising public awareness of the positive effect of music.

Hart was also a judge for the 3rd annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.

After the death of Jerry Garcia and the consequent dissolution of the Grateful Dead in 1995, Hart continued to play music with various groups including members of the Grateful Dead. In the 1996 Furthur Festival, Mickey Hart's Mystery Box played, as did Bob Weir's band Ratdog.

In 2005, Hart and the members of the band Particle joined to create the Hydra Project.

During 2006, Hart teamed up with fellow Grateful Dead bandmate Bill Kreutzmann, Phish bassist Mike Gordon and former The Other Ones lead guitarist Steve Kimock, to form the Rhythm Devils, a nickname that refers to Hart and Kreutzmann's legendary drum solos and improvisation. The band features songs from their respective repertoires as well as new songs written by Jerry Garcia's songwriting companion Robert Hunter. The Rhythm Devils announced their first tour in 2006, which ended at the popular Vegoose festival in Las Vegas, Nevada over the Halloween weekend.

In June and July 2008, Hart led the Mickey Hart Band on a U.S. concert tour. The band consists of Hart, Steve Kimock on guitar and pedal steel guitar, George Porter, Jr. on bass, Kyle Hollingsworth on keyboards, Sikiru Adepoju on talking drum, Walfredo Reyes, Jr. on drums, and Jen Durkin on vocals.

In 2010 Hart debuted "Rhythms of the Universe," a composition based on a variety of astrophysical data. The composition represents a collaboration between scientist and artist, using their own sophisticated tools. Nobel Laureate in physics George Smoot from the University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and Keith Jackson, a computer scientist and musician also from LBNL, are providing some of the data for the project. The final result will be a musical “history of the universe", from the Big Bang onwards through galaxy and star formation, up until modern times, including images from the Hubble Space Telescope and rhythms derived from the cosmic background radiation, supernovae, quasars, and many other astrophysical phenomena. The work premiered at the conference "Cosmology on the Beach" in Playa de Carmen in January 2010.

In April 2010, it was announced that Rhythm Devils will tour in the summer of 2010 with a new lineup including Mickey Hart and Bill Kreutzmann (assorted percussion), Keller Williams (guitar, vocals), Sikiru Adepoju (talking drum), Davy Knowles (guitar, vocals), and Andy Hess (bass).

Personal life

Mickey has been married since 1990 to lawyer and environmental activist Caryl Hart, who obtained her PhD from UC Berkeley in 2009 on the topic of climate change and public lands. He has two children. One son, Taro, had his heartbeat recorded ''in utero'' and used as the basis for the album ''Music to Be Born By''. His brother, Jerry Hart, is a radio talk show host and social media business consultant based in San Francisco.

Bibliography

''Drumming at the Edge of Magic: A Journey into the Spirit of Percussion'' (1990)

''Planet Drum: A Celebration of Percussion and Rhythm'' (1991)

''Songcatchers: In Search of the World's Music'' (2003)

''Spirit into Sound: The Magic of Music'' (2006)

Solo discography

''Rolling Thunder'' (1972) – Mickey Hart

''Diga'' (1976) – Diga Rhythm Band

''The Rhythm Devils Play River Music'' (1980) – The Rhythm Devils

''Däfos'' (1983) – Mickey Hart, Airto Moreira, Flora Purim

''Yamantaka'' (1983) – Mickey Hart, Henry Wolff, Nancy Hennings

''Music to be Born By'' (1989) – Mickey Hart

''At the Edge'' (1990) – Mickey Hart

''Planet Drum'' (1991) – Mickey Hart

''The Apocalypse Now Sessions'' (1991) – The Rhythm Devils

''Mickey Hart's Mystery Box'' (1996) – Mickey Hart

''Supralingua'' (1998) – Mickey Hart

''Spirit into Sound'' (2000) – Mickey Hart

''The Best of Mickey Hart: Over the Edge and Back'' (2002) – Mickey Hart

''Global Drum Project'' (2007) – Mickey Hart, Zakir Hussain, Sikiru Adepoju, Giovanni Hidalgo

''The Rhythm Devils Concert Experience'' (2008 – DVD) – The Rhythm Devils

Notes

References

Mickey Hart discography on DeadDisc.com

Mickey Hart at The Music Box – A collection of concert reviews, album reviews, and interviews

Parker, T. Virgil. "Mickey Hart: The Rhythm of the Infinite", College Crier interview, summer 2007

Sullivan, James. "Q & A With Mickey Hart", ''San Francisco Chronicle'', September 27, 1998

Richardson, Derk. "Mickey Hart reunites landmark world musicians for 'Global Drum Project'", ''San Francisco Chronicle'', September 27, 2007

Richter, Allan. "He Found His Muse at Lawrence High School", ''New York Times'', August 3, 2003

Speed, Tom. "Making Magic with Mickey Hart", Honest Tune Online, August 14, 2008

Mickey Hart's Artwork of the Grateful Dead

External links

Mickey Hart official website

Grateful Dead official website

Category:1943 births Category:American rock drummers Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Grateful Dead members Category:Living people Category:People from Five Towns, New York Category:People from Sonoma County, California Category:Planet Drum members Category:Sebastopol, California Category:Musicologists Category:Writers from California

de:Mickey Hart fr:Mickey Hart it:Mickey Hart nn:Mickey Hart

Olli Wisdom is a British musician, currently residing in London.

Wisdom is most famous for his role as the singer in the glam/gothic rock group Specimen, but since the 1990s he has recorded as a psychedelic trance artist under the name Space Tribe.

Prior to forming Specimen and opening the Batcave nightclub, Wisdom was the frontman for the punk band, The Unwanted. Their most popular song was a cover version of Nancy Sinatra's "These Boots Are Made For Walkin'". After the Unwanted, Wisdom joined Metroz for a few months.

Discography

Space Tribe

''Sonic Mandala'' (Spirit Zone Records, 1997)

''The Ultraviolet Catastrophe'' (Spirit Zone Records, 1997)

''The Future's Right Now'' (Spirit Zone Records, 1998)

''2000 O.D'' (Spirit Zone Records, 1999)

''Religious Experience'' (Spirit Zone Records, 2000)

''Shapeshifter'', (Spirit Zone Records, 2001)

''Heart Beat'' (Spirit Zone Records, 2002)

''Time S-T-R-E-T-C-H'' (Spirit Zone Records, 2004)

''Time S-T-R-E-T-C-H'' (Soltice Music International, 2004)

''Collaborations'' (Space Tribe Music, 2004)

''Thru The Looking Glass'' (Space Tribe Music, 2005)

External links

http://www.spacetribe.com/index.php - Space Tribe webshop

http://www.spacetribe.com/ - official website (requires Flash plugin)

http://www.tranceshop.com/spacetribe.htm - Space Tribe clothes collection

http://www.discogs.com/artist/Space+Tribe - albums and tracks information

Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Psychedelic trance musicians Category:Gothic rock musicians Category:English punk rock singers Category:English male singers Category:Music from London Category:English trance musicians Category:Place of birth missing (living people)

de:Olli Wisdom pl:Space Tribe pt:Space Tribe sv:Space Tribe